Which statement best describes fixed costs?

• A. They vary with production levels.
• B. They are not relevant to short-run decisions.
• C. They include only variable input expenses.
• D. They do not vary with output.

Answer: (D)

Fixed costs are costs that do not change as you alter how much you produce in the short run. They must be paid whether you operate at full capacity or not, like rent, some salaries, and depreciation on equipment. Because they stay constant while output changes, total fixed cost stays the same, and average fixed cost falls as you produce more units. This is why the defining description is that fixed costs do not vary with output. The other statements mix up fixed and variable costs or misstate how fixed costs behave: fixed costs are not tied to production levels, they aren’t just variable input expenses, and while some fixed costs exist even if you stop producing, the core point for short-run production decisions is that they don’t vary with output.